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The master of the treasury〔''Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517)'', p. 451.〕 or treasurer〔Segeš 2002, p. 316.〕〔Rady 2000, p. 113.〕 ((ドイツ語:Königliche Ober-Schatzmeister),〔Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 80.〕 (ハンガリー語:tárnokmester),〔〔Zsoldos 2011, p. 61.〕 (ラテン語:magister tavarnicorum, magister tavernocorum regalium or summus camerarius),〔〔 (スロバキア語:taverník)〔 (クロアチア語:tavernik))〔General Encyclopedia of the Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute, second edition, sixth volume SKA-ŽV. p 336〕) was a royal official in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century. Although treasurers were initially responsible for collecting and administering royal revenues, they adopted more and more judiciary functions and turned into the highest judges of the realm. From the 14th century, treasures presided the court of appeals for a group of the free royal cities, including Buda (Budapest, Hungary), Bártfa (Bardejov, Slovakia), Eperjes (Prešov, Slovakia), Kassa (Košice, Slovakia), Nagyszombat (Trnava, Slovakia), and Pressburg (Pozsony, Bratislava, Slovakia). The name is derived from the Slavic word ''tovor'' (= casket, strong-box). ==Middle Ages== Initially, the treasurer (taverník) was the administrator of the royal treasury (i.e. the financial manager of the royal Court (''curia regis'')) in the early Hungarian state. In the 12th and 13th century, besides the curia regis, he became also responsible for the remaining properties of the king. When the royal properties were considerably reduced under King Andrew II of Hungary (1205-1235; see Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary) for details), the treasurer also became responsible for all royal income from royal régales (coinage, exchange of coins, precious metals management, mining monopoly, salt monopoly, customs duty), from the taxes of royal towns etc. Under King Charles Robert (1308–1342) he became a kind of combined finance minister and minister of economy. In 1385, the actual treasurer function, i.e. administrator of the royal treasury, became the responsibility of a separate person, who was the treasurer (magister tavernicorum)'s deputy first, and later a separate royal officer. The observance of rights and duties of royal towns was also the responsibility of the treasurer. Since the importance of these towns increased in the 14th and 15th century, the treasurer's importance increased as well. He became also the judge charged with appeals from major free royal towns (tavernical courts). Around 1400, the list of these towns was not stabilised yet, but from the first half of the 15th century, these towns stabilised (Buda, Košice, Bratislava, Trnava, Prešov, Sopron and Bardejov) and were called "tavernical towns". In the course of the 15th century, these tavernical courts became the only courts of the tavernical towns. By the late 15th century, the associate judges of these courts were representatives of the tavernical towns only (and no additional nobles as was the case earlier). The law applied in these courts was a special "tavernical law" (''ius tavernicale''), the first collection of which arose in 1412-18 (''Vetusta iura civitatum sive iura civilia''). It was used as special law system until the 18th century. The treasurer was also a member of the Royal Chamber and later also of the Vice-regency council (see palatine). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「master of the treasury」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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